<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jsms</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1174</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education "Novosibirsk state medical university" of  Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE NSMU MOH Russia)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31549/2542-1174-2024-8-1-88-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jsms-1023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Связь экспрессии BMI-1  и ROR1  с  клинико-морфологическими параметрами  и течением люминального рака молочной железы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Correlation of BMI-1 and ROR1 expression with clinical and  morphological parameters and the course of luminal breast cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-017X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тараканова</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarakanova</surname><given-names>V. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тараканова  Валерия  Олеговна –  младший  научный  сотрудник; ассистент   кафедры онкологии</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 869234</p><p>634009,  г.  Томск,  пер.  Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriia O. Tarakanova – Junior Researcher; Assistant, Department of Oncology</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 869234</p><p>5, Kooperativny str., Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valeria.ssmu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-1681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крахмаль</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krakhmal’</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крахмаль  Надежда  Валерьевна – канд.  мед .  наук, доцент,  старший  научный  сотрудник   отделения общей и  молекулярной  патологии; доцент кафедры патологической  анатомии</p><p>Researcher ID: S-3799-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56678622400</p><p>634009,  г.  Томск,  пер.  Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda V. Krakhmal’  – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of General and Molecular Pathology; Associate Professor, Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>Researcher ID: S-3799-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56678622400</p><p>5, Kooperativny str., Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0562-3878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабышкина</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babyshkina</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабышкина  Наталия  Николаевна – д-р  мед.  наук, старший  научный  сотрудник  лаборатории молекулярной   онкологии   и  иммунологии;  доцент кафедры   биохимии  и  молекулярной  биологии  с курсом клинической   лабораторной  диагностики</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 26641099700</p><p>Researcher ID: A-7526-2012</p><p>634009,  г.  Томск,  пер.  Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya N. Babyshkina – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology; Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with a course of Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 26641099700</p><p>Researcher ID: A-7526-2012</p><p>5, Kooperativny str., Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-4008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вторушин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vtorushin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вторушин  Сергей   Владимирович – д-р   мед .  наук, руководитель отделения   общей  и  молекулярной   патологии; профессор   кафедры   патологической анатомии</p><p>Researcher ID: S-3789-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 26654562300</p><p>634009,  г.  Томск,  пер.  Кооперативный, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Vtorushin  – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head, Department of General and Molecular Pathology; Professor, Department of Pathological Anatomy</p><p>Researcher ID: S-3789-2016</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 26654562300</p><p>5, Kooperativny str., Tomsk, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук; ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный  медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тараканова В.О., Крахмаль Н.В., Бабышкина Н.Н., Вторушин С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тараканова В.О., Крахмаль Н.В., Бабышкина Н.Н., Вторушин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tarakanova V.О., Krakhmal’ N.V., Babyshkina N.N., Vtorushin S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jsms.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1023">https://jsms.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1023</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Люминальный рак молочной железы ( РМЖ) занимает наибольшую долю в структуре всего молекулярного ландшафта данного заболевания. На фоне проводимого, чаще всего гормонального , лечения у части пациентов развивается прогрессия заболевания, что диктует поиск новых молекулярных предикторов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить клинико-морфологические особенности заболевания в зависимости от экспрессии BMI-1 и ROR1 в первичной опухоли у больных с люминальным раком молочной железы на фоне терапии ингибиторами ароматазы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы . В исследование были включены 80 пациенток с T1-2N0-1M0 стадиями первично - операбельного РМЖ в возрасте 62.1 ± 8.1 года. Изучалась ткань первичной опухоли методом иммуногистохимии . Применяли антитела к ROR1 и BMI-1. Оценивалось наличие и степень выраженности иммунного окрашивания , процент позитивно окрашенных опухолевых клеток. Экспрессионные параметры исследуемых маркеров оценивались в связи с различными клинико- патологическими параметрами заболевания .</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. 70 пациенток имели люминальный А подтип, 10 пациенток – люминальный В/HER2-отрицательный субтип. Позитивная экспрессия BMI-1 наблюдалась в 64 % случаев , экспрессия ROR1 встречалась реже и составила 24 %. При нарастании степени злокачественности опухоли (grade) увеличивается число случаев с позитивной экспрессией фактора ROR1 ( p &lt; 0.05). Уровень пролиферативной активности опухоли (Ki67) коррелировал с позитивной экспрессией ROR1 ( ρ = 0.312, p = 0.03) и BMI-1 ( ρ = 0.310, p &lt; 0.031). При наличии метастатического поражения регионарных лимфатических узлов экспрессия обоих показателей была достоверно выше . Возникновение отдаленных метастазов сопряжено с высокими уровнем экспрессии BMI-1 клетками первичной опухоли ( p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенное исследование отчетливо демонстрирует взаимосвязь протеинов ROR1 и BMI-1 с клинико-патологическими параметрами первичной опухоли и течением заболевания при люминальных молекулярных подтипах рака молочной железы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Luminal breast cancer (BC) occupies the largest proportion in the structure of the entire molecular landscape of this disease. During the ongoing treatment, most often hormone therapy, in part of patients, the disease progression develops, which makes necessary the search for new molecular predictors.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of the research</title><p>Aim of the research. To study the clinical and morphological features of the disease depending on BMI-1 and ROR1 expression in the primary tumor in luminal breast cancer patients during aromatase inhibitors therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 80 patients with T1-2N0-1M0 operable primary breast cancer at the age of 62.1 ± 8.1 years. The primary tumor tissue was studied using immunohistochemistry. Antibodies to ROR1 and BMI-1 were used. The presence and degree of immunostaining, and the percentage of positively stained tumor cells were assessed. The expression parameters of the studied markers were assessed in relation to various clinical and pathological data of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. 70 patients had the luminal A subtype, 10 patients had the luminal B/HER2-negative subtype. Positive BMI-1 expression was observed in 64% of cases, ROR1 expression was less common and amounted to 24%. As tumor grade increases, the number of cases with positive ROR1 expression increases ( p &lt; 0.05). The level of proliferative activity (Ki67) correlated with positive ROR1 expression ( ρ = 0.312, p = 0.03) and BMI-1 ( ρ = 0.310, p &lt; 0.031). In presence of metastases to regional lymph nodes, the expression of both markers was significantly higher. The occurrence of distant metastases is associated with high levels of BMI-1 expression by primary tumor cells ( p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study clearly demonstrates the correlation of ROR1 and BMI-1 proteins with the clinical and morphological parameters of the primary tumor and the course of the disease in luminal subtypes of breast cancer.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак  молочной железы</kwd><kwd>BMI-1</kwd><kwd>ROR1</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>BMI-1</kwd><kwd>ROR1</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Yang H., Chen T. et al. Silencing of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 inhibits tumor-cell proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma // PloS one. 2015;10(5):e0127092. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127092.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Yang H., Chen T. et al. Silencing of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 inhibits tumor-cell proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma // PloS one. 2015;10(5):e0127092. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127092.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chien H.P., Ueng S.H., Chen S.C. et al. Expression of ROR1 has prognostic significance in triple negative breast cancer // Virchows Archiv. 2016;468(5):589-595. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1911-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chien H.P., Ueng S.H., Chen S.C. et al. Expression of ROR1 has prognostic significance in triple negative breast cancer // Virchows Archiv. 2016;468(5):589-595. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1911-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S., Cui B., Lai H. et al. Ovarian cancer stem cells express ROR1, which can be targeted for anticancer-stem-cell therapy // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 2014;111(48):17266-17271. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419599111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S., Cui B., Lai H. et al. Ovarian cancer stem cells express ROR1, which can be targeted for anticancer-stem-cell therapy // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 2014;111(48):17266-17271. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419599111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dave H., Anver M.R., Butcher D.O. et al. Restricted cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia suggests targetability with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies // PloS One. 2012;7(12):e52655. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dave H., Anver M.R., Butcher D.O. et al. Restricted cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia suggests targetability with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies // PloS One. 2012;7(12):e52655. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamilton G., Rath B., Klameth L., Hochmair M. Receptor tyrosine kinase expression of circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer // Oncoscience. 2015;2(7):629-634. DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamilton G., Rath B., Klameth L., Hochmair M. Receptor tyrosine kinase expression of circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer // Oncoscience. 2015;2(7):629-634. DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karachaliou N., Gimenez-Capitan A., Drozdowskyj A. et al. ROR1 as a novel therapeutic target for EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer patients with the EGFR T790M mutation // Transl. Lung Cancer Res. 2014;3(3):122-130. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.03.02.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karachaliou N., Gimenez-Capitan A., Drozdowskyj A. et al. ROR1 as a novel therapeutic target for EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer patients with the EGFR T790M mutation // Transl. Lung Cancer Res. 2014;3(3):122-130. DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.03.02.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hudecek M., Schmitt T.M., Baskar S. et al. The B-cell tumor-associated antigen ROR1 can be targeted with T cells modified to express a ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor // Blood. 2010;116(22):4532-4541. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-283309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hudecek M., Schmitt T.M., Baskar S. et al. The B-cell tumor-associated antigen ROR1 can be targeted with T cells modified to express a ROR1-specific chimeric antigen receptor // Blood. 2010;116(22):4532-4541. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-283309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baskar S., Kwong K.Y., Hofer T. et al. Unique cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia // Clin. Cancer Res. 2008;14(2):396-404. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1823.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baskar S., Kwong K.Y., Hofer T. et al. Unique cell surface expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia // Clin. Cancer Res. 2008;14(2):396-404. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1823.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balakrishnan A., Goodpaster T., Randolph-Habecker J. et al. Analysis of ROR1 protein expression in human cancer and normal tissues // Clin. Cancer Res. 2017;23(12):3061-3071. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balakrishnan A., Goodpaster T., Randolph-Habecker J. et al. Analysis of ROR1 protein expression in human cancer and normal tissues // Clin. Cancer Res. 2017;23(12):3061-3071. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C., Wang S., Xing Z. et al. A ROR1-HER3-lncRNA signalling axis modulates the Hippo-YAP pathway to regulate bone metastasis // Nat. Cell Biol. 2017;19(2):106-119. DOI: 10.1038/ncb3464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C., Wang S., Xing Z. et al. A ROR1-HER3-lncRNA signalling axis modulates the Hippo-YAP pathway to regulate bone metastasis // Nat. Cell Biol. 2017;19(2):106-119. DOI: 10.1038/ncb3464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandey G., Borcherding N., Kolb R. et al. ROR1 potentiates FGFR signaling in basal-like breast cancer // Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):718. DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandey G., Borcherding N., Kolb R. et al. ROR1 potentiates FGFR signaling in basal-like breast cancer // Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(5):718. DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasan M.K., Widhopf G.F. 2nd, Zhang S. et al. Wnt5a induces ROR1 to recruit cortactin to promote breast-cancer migration and metastasis // NPJ Breast Cancer. 2019;5:35. DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0131-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasan M.K., Widhopf G.F. 2nd, Zhang S. et al. Wnt5a induces ROR1 to recruit cortactin to promote breast-cancer migration and metastasis // NPJ Breast Cancer. 2019;5:35. DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0131-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhattacharya R., Mustafi S.B., Street M. et al. Bmi-1: At the crossroads of physiological and pathological biology // Genes Dis. 2015;2(3):225-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.04.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhattacharya R., Mustafi S.B., Street M. et al. Bmi-1: At the crossroads of physiological and pathological biology // Genes Dis. 2015;2(3):225-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.04.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Liu F., Yu H. et al. Akt phosphorylates the transcriptional repressor Bmi1 to block its effects on the tumor-suppressing INK4a-ARF locus // Sci Signal. 2012;5(247):ra77. DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Liu F., Yu H. et al. Akt phosphorylates the transcriptional repressor Bmi1 to block its effects on the tumor-suppressing INK4a-ARF locus // Sci Signal. 2012;5(247):ra77. DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo B.H., Feng Y., Zhang R. et al. Bmi-1 promotes invasion and metastasis, and its elevated expression is correlated with an advanced stage of breast cancer // Mol. Cancer. 2011;10(1):10. DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo B.H., Feng Y., Zhang R. et al. Bmi-1 promotes invasion and metastasis, and its elevated expression is correlated with an advanced stage of breast cancer // Mol. Cancer. 2011;10(1):10. DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu J.Y., Jiang Y.N., Huang H. et al. BMI-1 promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis through different mechanisms in different subtypes // Cancer Sci. 2023;114(2):449-462. DOI: 10.1111/cas.15623.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu J.Y., Jiang Y.N., Huang H. et al. BMI-1 promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis through different mechanisms in different subtypes // Cancer Sci. 2023;114(2):449-462. DOI: 10.1111/cas.15623.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim W.Y., Sharpless N.E. The regulation of INK4/ARF in cancer and aging // Cell. 2006;127(2):265-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim W.Y., Sharpless N.E. The regulation of INK4/ARF in cancer and aging // Cell. 2006;127(2):265-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Jin W., Jia X. et al. Transcriptional repression of CDKN2D by PML/RAR α contributes to the altered proliferation and differentiation block of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells // Cell Death Dis. 2014;5(10):e1431. DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.388.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Jin W., Jia X. et al. Transcriptional repression of CDKN2D by PML/RAR α contributes to the altered proliferation and differentiation block of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells // Cell Death Dis. 2014;5(10):e1431. DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.388.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Recio S., Thennavan A., East M.P. et al. FGFR4 regulates tumor subtype differentiation in luminal breast cancer and metastatic disease // J. Clin. Invest. 2020;130(9):4871-4887. DOI: 10.1172/JCI130323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Recio S., Thennavan A., East M.P. et al. FGFR4 regulates tumor subtype differentiation in luminal breast cancer and metastatic disease // J. Clin. Invest. 2020;130(9):4871-4887. DOI: 10.1172/JCI130323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
