<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jsms</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Siberian Medical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-1174</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education "Novosibirsk state medical university" of  Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE NSMU MOH Russia)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31549/2542-1174-2023-7-2-42-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jsms-914</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-морфологическое обоснование использования добутамина при ожоговом шоке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and morphological justifi cation of dobutamine use in burn shock</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1366-3420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верещагин</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vereshchagin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Верещагин Евгений Иванович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой анестезиологии и реаниматологии им. проф. И.П. Верещагина</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, Красный просп., 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny I. Vereshchagin – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head, Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation named after Prof. I.P. Vereshchagin</p><p>52, Krasny prosp., Novosibirsk, 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eivv1961@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саматов</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samatov</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саматов Игорь Юрьевич – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии им. проф. И.П. Верещагина; врач – анестезиолог-реаниматолог, заведующий отделением реанимации и интенсивной терапии ожоговой травмы</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor Y. Samatov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation named after Prof. I.P. Vereshchagin; Anesthesiologist and Emergency Physician, Head, Burn Intensive Care Unit</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ощепкова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oshchepkova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ощепкова Наталья Геннадьевна – канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры судебной медицины</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia G. Oshchepkova – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Department of Forensic Medicine</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Востриков</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vostrikov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Востриков Дмитрий Николаевич – врач – анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии ожоговой травмы</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry N. Vostrikov – Anesthesiologist and Emergency Physician, Burn Intensive Care Unit</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дудин Вадим Иванович – врач – анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии ожоговой травмы</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim I. Dudin – Anesthesiologist and Emergency Physician, Burn Intensive Care Unit</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коновалов Денис Петрович – врач – анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии ожоговой травмы</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis P. Konovalov – Anesthesiologist and Emergency Physician, Burn Intensive Care Unit</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстов</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstov</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селиверстов Роман Игоревич – врач – анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии ожоговой травмы</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman I. Seliverstov – Anesthesiologist and Emergency Physician, Burn Intensive Care Unit</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савченко Сергей Владимирович – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры судебной медицины</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Savchenko – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University; Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Верещагин Е.И., Саматов И.Ю., Ощепкова Н.Г., Востриков Д.Н., Дудин В.И., Коновалов Д.П., Селиверстов Р.И., Савченко С.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Верещагин Е.И., Саматов И.Ю., Ощепкова Н.Г., Востриков Д.Н., Дудин В.И., Коновалов Д.П., Селиверстов Р.И., Савченко С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vereshchagin E.I., Samatov I.Y., Oshchepkova N.G., Vostrikov D.N., Dudin V.I., Konovalov D.P., Seliverstov R.I., Savchenko S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://jsms.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/914">https://jsms.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/914</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>В в е д е н и е</title><p>В в е д е н и е . Эффективным способом снизить объем инфузии (рестриктивная стратегия) при гиповолемическом, в частности при ожоговом, шоке являются инвазивный мониторинг центральной гемодинамики и выбор оптимальной схемы использования инотропных агентов с учетом полученных данных. Однако использование инотропных препаратов при гиповолемическом шоке по-прежнему вызывает дискуссию. Наиболее острым является вопрос выбора эффективных доз инотропных препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Ц е л ь</title><p>Ц е л ь . Обоснование необходимости назначения инотропных препаратов и оценка безопасности и эффективности использования добутамина при ожоговом шоке.</p><p>М а т е р и а л ы и м е т о д ы . В пилотное клиническое исследование, проводившееся в 2021–2022 гг., было включено 9 пациентов в возрасте 15–70 лет, госпитализированных в отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ) ожоговой травмы ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница» с общей площадью ожогов &gt; 40 % (II–III ст.), в большинстве случаев – термоингаляционная травма, находившихся в ОРИТ более 3 сут. Интенсивная терапия ожоговой травмы в острый период проводилась согласно принятым клиническим рекомендациям. Образцы миокарда для морфологического и иммуногистохимического исследования были получены от 34 пациентов, умерших от ожогового шока (27 мужчин и 7 женщин, возраст – от 21 до 51 года) в период с 2015 по 2019 г. Забор образцов осуществляли post mortem при минимальных атеросклеротических изменениях венечных артерий (стенозирование не более 20–25 %). Контрольную группу для морфологического и иммуногистохимического исследования составили образцы, полученные от 25 лиц, умерших вследствие внезапной остановки кровообращения (19 мужчин, 6 женщин).</p></sec><sec><title>Р е з у л ь т а т ы</title><p>Р е з у л ь т а т ы . Проведенные исследования показали снижение сократительной способности миокарда у больных с ожоговым шоком. Морфологическое исследование выявило различной степени контрактурные повреждения отдельных кардиомиоцитов, а также очаги первичного глыбчатого распада мышечных волокон и миоцитолизиса. При иммуногистохимическом исследовании срезов миокарда отмечали снижение экспрессии актина в 2.4 раза (р &lt; 0.05) и десмина в 2 раза (р &lt; 0.05) в сравнении с группой контроля. Результаты клинического исследования показали, что добутамин, назначаемый со скоростью до 5.0 мкг/кг/мин, не вызывает аритмогенного эффекта и/или лактоацидоза.</p></sec><sec><title>З а к л ю ч е н и е</title><p>З а к л ю ч е н и е . Полученные данные о структурных изменениях миокарда подтверждают необходимость использования препаратов инотропного действия при ожоговом шоке. Добутамин, назначаемый со скоростью до 5.0 мкг/кг/мин, позволяет обеспечить рестриктивную стратегию инфузионной терапии и ускоренное выведение из ожогового шока.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>I n t r o d u c t i o n</title><p>I n t r o d u c t i o n . An effective way to reduce the volume of infusion (restrictive strategy) in hypovolemic shock, in particular in burn shock, is invasive hemodynamic monitoring and choosing the appropriate regimen for the use of inotropic agents, considering the data obtained. However, the use of inotropic agents in hypovolemic shock is still controversial. The most cutting issue is the choice of effective doses of inotropic agents.</p></sec><sec><title>A i m</title><p>A i m . Justification of the need to use inotropic agents and assessment of the safety and effectiveness of dobutamine use in burn shock.</p><p>M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The pilot clinical study conducted in 2021–2022 included 9 patients aged 15–70 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Burn Center of the Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital with a total body surface area burned &gt; 40% (II–III degree), in most cases – thermal inhalation injury, who were in the ICU for over 3 days. Intensive care of burn injury in the acute phase was performed according to conventional clinical recommendations. Myocardial samples for morphological and immunohistochemical studies were taken from 34 patients who died from burn shock (27 men and 7 women, aged from 21 to 51 years) from 2015 to 2019. The samples were taken post mortem, and with minimal atherosclerotic changes of the coronary arteries (lesions no more than 20–25%). The control group for morphological and immunohistochemical studies comprised samples which were taken from 25 individuals who died because of sudden circulatory arrest (19 men, 6 women).</p></sec><sec><title>R e s u l t s</title><p>R e s u l t s . Studies have shown a decrease in myocardial contractility in patients with burn shock. Morphological examination revealed contraction lesions of individual cardiomyocytes of varying degree, as well as foci of primary clumping of myofibrils’ cytoplasm and myocytolysis. The immunohistochemical study of myocardial sections showed a decrease in the actin expression by 2.4 times (p &lt; 0.05) and desmin – by 2 times (p &lt; 0.05) in comparison with the control group. The results of the clinical study showed that dobutamine at a rate of up to 5.0 μg/kg/min does not cause an arrhythmogenic effect and/or lactic acidosis.</p></sec><sec><title>C o n c l u s i o n</title><p>C o n c l u s i o n . The data obtained on structural changes of the myocardium confi rm the need for the use of inotropic agent in burn shock. Dobutamine at a rate of up to 5.0 μg/kg/min allows for a restrictive strategy of fl uid resuscitation and rapid recovery from burn shock.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ожоговая травма</kwd><kwd>ожоговый шок</kwd><kwd>интенсивная терапия</kwd><kwd>инотропные препараты</kwd><kwd>добутамин</kwd><kwd>инфузионная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>burn injury</kwd><kwd>burn shock</kwd><kwd>intensive care</kwd><kwd>inotropic agents</kwd><kwd>dobutamine</kwd><kwd>fluid resuscitation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cancio L.C., Chavez S., Alvarado-Ortega M. et al. Predicting increased fluid requirements during the resuscitation of thermally injured patients // J. Trauma. 2004;56(2):404-413. DOI: 10.1097/01.TA.0000075341.43956.E4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cancio L.C., Chavez S., Alvarado-Ortega M. et al. Predicting increased fluid requirements du ring the resuscitation of thermally injured patients. J. Trauma. 2004;56(2):404-413. DOI: 10.1097/01.TA.0000075341.43956.E4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedrich J.B., Sullivan S.R., Engrav L.H. et al. Is supra-Baxter resuscitation in burn patients a new phenomenon? // Burns. 2004;30(5):464-466. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.01.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedrich J.B., Sullivan S.R., Engrav L.H. et al. Is supra-Baxter resuscitation in burn patients a new phenomenon? Burns. 2004;30(5):464-466. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.01.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochran A., Morris S.E., Edelman L.S., Saffle J.K. Burn patient characteristics and outcomes following resuscitation with albumin // Burns. 2007;33(1):25-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochran A., Morris S.E., Edelman L.S., Saffle J.K. Burn patient characteristics and outcomes following resuscitation with albumin. Burns. 2007;33(1):25-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivy M.E., Atweh N.A., Palmer J. et al. Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in burn patients // J. Trauma. 2000;49(3):387-391. DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200009000-00001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivy M.E., Atweh N.A., Palmer J. et al. Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in burn patients. J. Trauma. 2000;49(3):387-391. DOI: 10.1097/00005373-200009000-00001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sullivan S.R., Friedrich J.B., Engrav L.H. et al. “Opioid creep” is real and may be the cause of “fluid creep” // Burns. 2004;30(6):583-590. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.03.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sullivan S.R., Friedrich J.B., Engrav L.H. et al. “Opioid creep” is real and may be the cause of “fluid creep”. Burns. 2004;30(6):583-590. DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.03.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьков В.В., Киров М.Ю. Инвазивный мониторинг гемодинамики в интенсивной терапии и анестезиологии. Архангельск: СГМУ, 2015. 392 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzkov V.V., Kirov M.Yu. (2015). Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Intensive Care and Anesthesiology. Arkhangelsk. 392 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rivers E., Nguyen B., Havstad S. et al. Early goaldirected therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and Novosiseptic shock // N. Engl. J. Med. 2001;345(19):1368-1377. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa010307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rivers E., Nguyen B., Havstad S. et al. Early goaldirected therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001;345(19):1368-1377. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa010307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes M.A., Timmins A.C., Yau E.H. et al. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients // N. Engl. J. Med. 1994;330(24):1717-1722. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199406163302404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes M.A., Timmins A.C., Yau E.H. et al. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994;330(24):1717-1722. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199406163302404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tacon C.L., McCaff rey J., Delaney A. Dobutamine for patients with severe heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):359-367. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2435-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tacon C.L., McCaff rey J., Delaney A. Dobutamine for patients with severe heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):359-367. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2435-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reyad A.R., Elkharboutly W., Wahba A., Elmorshedi M., Hasaneen N.A. Effect of intraoperative dobutamine on splanchnic tissue perfusion and outcome after Whipple surgery // J. Crit. Care. 2013;28(4):531. e7-531.e15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.02.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reyad A.R., Elkharboutly W., Wahba A., Elmorshedi M., Hasaneen N.A. Effect of intraoperative dobutamine on splanchnic tissue perfusion and outcome after Whipple surgery. J. Crit. Care. 2013;28(4):531. e7-531.e15. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.02.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Triposkiadis F., Parissis J.T., Starling R.C., Skoularigis J., Louridas G. Current drugs and medical treatment algorithms in the management of acute decompensated heart failure // Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs. 2009;18(6):695-707. DOI: 10.1517/13543780902922660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Triposkiadis F., Parissis J.T., Starling R.C., Skoularigis J., Louridas G. Current drugs and medical treatment algorithms in the management of acute decompensated heart failure. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs. 2009;18(6):695-707. DOI: 10.1517/13543780902922660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morelli A., Ertmer C., Westphal M. et al. Eff ect of heart rate control with esmolol on hemodynamic and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock: a randomized clinical trial // JAMA. 2013;310(16):1683-1691. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.278477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morelli A., Ertmer C., Westphal M. et al. Effect of heart rate control with esmolol on hemodynamic and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(16):1683-1691. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.278477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sato R., Nasu M. Time to re-think the use of dobutamine in sepsis // J. Intensive Care. 2017;5:65. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-017-0264-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sato R., Nasu M. Time to re-think the use of dobutamine in sepsis. J. Intensive Care. 2017;5:65. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-017-0264-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheeren T.W.L., Bakker J., Kaufmann T. et al. Current use of inotropes in circulatory shock // Ann. Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):21. DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00806-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheeren T.W.L., Bakker J., Kaufmann T. et al. Current use of inotropes in circulatory shock. Ann. Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):21. DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00806-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollock G.D., Bowling N., Tuttle R.R., Hayes J.S. Effects of S-dobutamine on venous blood return and organ nutrient blood flow // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1992;20(5):742-749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollock G.D., Bowling N., Tuttle R.R., Hayes J.S. Effects of S-dobutamine on venous blood return and organ nutrient blood flow. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1992;20(5):742-749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ожоги термические и химические. Ожоги солнечные. Ожоги дыхательных путей. Клинические рекомендации. М., 2021. 179 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burns: Thermal and Chemical. Sunburns. Inhalation Burns. Clinical Recommendations (2021). Moscow. 179 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchwalow I., Böcker W. Immunohistochemistry. Basics and Мethods. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010. 153 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchwalow I., Böcker W. Immunohistochemistry. Basics and Мethods. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010. 153 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савченко С.В., Ощепкова Н.Г., Новоселов В.П. и др. Ультраструктура кардиомиоцитов при тяжелом ожоговом шоке // Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2021. № 2. С. 130. DOI: 10.17513/spno.30615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savchenko S.V., Oshchepkova N.G., Novoselov V.P. et al. (2021). Pathomorphological and ultrastructural assessment of the myocardium in burn shock. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2021;2:130. DOI: 10.17513/spno.30615. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
