Factors related to sleep quality among community-dwelling Russian older people in the Far East. The role of alcohol as a risk factor: a cross-sectional study

Introduction. Russia has a signifi cant elderly population, with 14.2% aged 65 years or older, however, little research has focused on this group. Russia has seen a rapid increase in low life expectancy, coupled with high alcohol consumption and its associated health eff ects. Alcohol is known to promote sleep disorders among the elderly, and its relationship with sleep disturbance is a signifi cant factor in assessing the quality of life of the elderly. However, the specifi c relationships between pure alcohol (PA) consumption and sleep among Russian community-dwelling older people remain unknown. A i m . To clarify factors related to sleep quality of older Russian people in the Far East, focusing on PA consumption.

Materials and methods . In this cross-sectional study, 348 Russian community-dwelling older people with their basic attributes, health status, self-reported drinking habits, Short-Form Health Survey-8 (SF-8), Geriatric Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were analyzed. The participants were divided into two groups (PSQI <6=0, ≥6=1) and compared using the t test, the χ2 test, and logistic regression analysis. Results. Sleep disorders in women were associated with longer daily nap time (odds ratio (OR) = 2.713; 95% confi dence interval (CI): 1.136–6.480) and sedative medicine intake (OR = 0.201; 95% CI: 0.070–0.576). In men, sleep disorders were associated with the physical component summary (PCS) (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.891–0.960), longer daily nap time (OR = 2.260; 95% CI: 1.214–4.205), sedative medicine intake (OR = 0.327; 95% CI: 0.174–0.619), and PA intake (OR = 1.030; 95% CI:1.007–1.054).

Conclusion. Excessive PA consumption can be a factor for decreased sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and decreased PCS score in men. In women, sedative medicine intake was associated with longer daily nap times, leading to decreased sleep quality. Accumulation of data on PA intake of the Russian elderly population and the recommendation of appropriate moderate consumption based on regional and physiological criteria are important topics for future studies.

1. The World Bank. Russian Federation (2017). URL: https://data.worldbank.org/country/russian-federation?view=chart/ (accessed 28.02.2024).

2. Global Health Observatory. Russian Federation. World Health Organization (2016). URL: https://www.who.int/gho/countries/rus/en/ (accessed 28.02.2024).

3. Foley D., Monjan A., Brown S. et al. Sleep complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic study of three communities. Sleep. 1995;18(6):425-432. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/18.6.425.

4. Albert S.M., Roth T., Toscani M. et al. Sleep health and appropriate use of OTC sleep aids in older adults – Recommendation a GSA Workgroup. Ge rontologist. 2015;55(2):513-513. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv139.

5. Bochkarev M.V., Korostovtseva L.S., Filchenko I.A. et al. Complaints on sleep breathing disorder and cardiovascular risk factors in Russian regions: data from ESSE-RF study. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;6:152-158. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2018-6-152-158. (In Russ.)

6. Kaneita Y., Uchiyama M., Takemura S. et al. Use of alcohol and hypnotic medication as aids to sleep among the Japanese general population // Sleep Med. 2007;8:723-732. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.10.009.

7. Lohr R.H. Acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol withdrawal // R.M. Wachter, L. Goldman, H. Hollander (eds.). Hospital Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005. P. 1047–1054.

8. Alcohol Health Guidance Manual Study Group. Manual for Alcohol Health Guidance for Promoting Healthy Japan 21. Tokyo: Social Insurance Institute, 2003. P. 167–198.

9. Buysse D.J., Reynolds III C.F., Monk T.H. et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research // Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193-213. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.

10. Mikhailova N.M. Sleep disorders in the elderly and older ages. Clinical Treatment Recommendations. Russian Medical Journal. 2003;28:1610. (In Russ.)

11. Pichugina E. A dream-book at Maslenitsa festival: How do snoring interpret? Moscow’s Сomsomolets. 27.03.23. URL: https://www.mk.ru/social/2013/03/15/826353-sonnik-na-maslenitsu-kak-istolkovat-hrap.html/ (accessed 12.03.2024).

12. Stewart S.H., Karp J., Pihl R.O., Peterson R.A. Anxiety sensitivity and self-reported reasons for drug use. Journal of Substance Abuse. 1997;9:223-240. DOI: 10.1016/s0899-3289(97)90018-3.

13. von Fingerhut G., Matsuda H., Okamoto N. et al. Influence of drinking on sleep, physical health and social interactions in the Russian community dwelling elderly in urban areas. Pacifi c Medical Journal. 2019;2:58-6. DOI: 10.17238/PmJ1609 1175.2019.2.58-61.(In Russ.)

14. Aira M., Hartikainen S., Sulkava R. Drinking alcohol for medicinal purposes by people aged over 75: a community-based interview study. Family Practice. 2008;25(6):445-449. DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmn065.

15. Roehrs T., Roth T. Sleep, sleepiness, sleep disorders and alcohol use and abuse. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2001;5(4):287-297. DOI: 10.1053/smrv.2001.0162

16. Otsuka Y., Kaneita Y., Itani O. et al. Relationship between stress coping and sleep disorders among the general Japanese population: a nationwide representative survey. Sleep Medicine. 2017;37:38-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.06.007.

17. Stalder T., Hucklebridge F., Evans P., Clow A. Use of a single case study design to examine state variation in the cortisol awakening response: relationship with time of awakening. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009;34(4):607-614. DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.023.

18. Matsuda H., Mizukami K., Yanagi H., Okamoto N. (2016). Best Caring for Long-Term Care Prevention. For the Elderly to Live Well. Tokyo, Medical View Publishers. P. 18–33. ( In Japanese)

19. St-Onge M., Gallagher D. Body composition changes with aging: The cause or the result of alterations in metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation? Nutrition. 2010;26(2):152-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.07.004.

20. Aleksanin S.S. (ed.) (2016). Syndrome of Obstructive Apnea and its Role in the Development of Cerebrovascular Pathology. St. Petersburg, Russian Center for Emergency and Radiation Medicine named after A.M. Nikiforov. P. 3–4. (In Russ.)

21. Bearpark H., Elliott L., Grunstein R. et al. Snoring and sleep apnea. A population study in Australian men. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 1995;151(5):1459-1465. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735600.

22. Garvey J.F., Pengo M.F., Drakatos P., Kent B.D. Epidemiological aspects of obstructive sleep apnea. J. Thor. Dis. 2015;7(5):920-929.

23. Khan-Hudson A., Alessi C.A. (2008). Sleep and quality of life in older people. In J.C. Verster, S.R. Pandi-Perumal, D.L. Streiner (eds.). Sleep and Quality of Life in Clinical Medicine. New-Jersey, Humana Press. P. 131–138.

24. Dissing A.S., Gil A., Keenan K. et al. Alcohol consumption and self-reported (SF12) physical and mental health among working-aged men in a typical Russian city: a cross-sectional study. Addiction. 2013;108(11):1905-1914. DOI: 10.1111/add.12257.

25. Yao X.I., Ni M.Y., Cheung F. et al. Change in moderate alcohol consumption and quality of life: evidence from 2 population-based cohorts. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2019;191(27):753-760. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.181583.

26. Kleitman N. Sleep, wakefulness, and consciousness. Psychol Bull. 1957;54(4):354-359. DOI: 10.1037/ h0045813.

27. Sagawa Y., Kondo H., Matsubuchi N. et al. Alcohol has a dose-related eff ect on parasympathetic nerve activity during sleep. Alc. Clin. Exp. Res. 2011;35(11):2093- 2100. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01558.x.

28. Brooks A., Lack L. A brief afternoon nap following nocturnal sleep restriction: which nap duration is most recuperative? Sleep. 2006;29:831-840. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/29.6.831.

29. Ozaki Y. (2014). A Comprehensive Research on Measures Against Harmful Use of Alcohol Based on WHO Global Strategy, Research Group Report of Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. 1. P. 10–36.