Этиопатогенетические аспекты использования пробиотических препаратов у пациентов с ожирением и избыточной массой тела

В последние десятилетия ожирение и избыточная масса тела стали одной из существенных проблем общемирового здравоохранения. Неуклонный рост заболеваемости, формирование осложнений и коморбидных состояний, инвалидизация и увеличение смертности у пациентов с ожирением указывают на необходимость разработки новых методов лечения и профилактики данного заболевания. Доказано, что некоторые пробиотические препараты способствуют снижению массы тела. В обзоре представлен анализ данных современных отечественных и зарубежных исследований, касающихся применения определенных штаммов бактерий у лиц с ожирением и избыточной массой тела с превентивной и терапевтической целями. Рассмотрены как «классические» анорексигенные микроорганизмы (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Saccharomyces boulardii), так и пробиотики «следующего» поколения (Akkermansia muciniphila, Enterococcus spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., Еubacterium rectale, Blautia spp., Christensenella minuta). Описаны основные патогенетические аспекты снижения массы тела при применении указанных пробиотических препаратов (уменьшение проницаемости и усиление защитных функций кишечного эпителия, воздействие на микробиом пищеварительной системы, проявление противовоспалительной активности).

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