The history of the question of prelymphatic fl uid transport pathways in the interstitium (literature review)

The historical aspects of the origin and evolution of ideas about fl uid fl ow pathways (prelymphatic pathways) in the interstitium are examined in this review. In the 16th–18th centuries, the hypothesis of communication between the arterial and lymphatic vessels evolved from ideas about the existence of arterial lymphatics (later vasa serosa, juice canals), which are the thinnest vessels, to non-vascular prelymphatic pathways, which include not only tissue channels, but also parafi brillary, para(peri-)vascular and perineural pathways according to advanced studies. The literature also describes pores and nanochannels of the interstitium. This evolution of views occurred due to numerous researches aimed to identify prelymphatic pathways using tracer injections of the lymphatic pathways and interstitium, the implantation of Guyton capsules of various shapes with orifi ces opened into the interstitium and subsequent electron microscopy. These studies showed that interstitial pathways have indirect communication with the vascular bed, and they lack the endothelial lining. This allowed prelymphatic pathways to be considered independent entities that do not relate to either the blood circulatory or lymphatic systems. But historically, they have been called prelymphatic pathways, and they are studied together with the lymphatic system. The paper also concerns another terminological issue about the roots of the lymphatic system to which the vast majority of scientists attribute lymphatic capillaries, but not prelymphatic pathways.

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