Expression of paracrine regulation factors in rat’s ovaries when correcting experimental functional ovarian cysts

To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic protein – 15 (BMP-15) and connexin 37 (Cx-37) in the rat’s ovaries with the model of functional ovarian cysts and with their correction, an experiment was conducted on mature white rats of Wistar line. Group I (main, n = 25) — modelling of functional ovarian cysts (introduction of follicle-stimulating hormone) followed by treatment with bevacizumab. Group II (comparison, n = 35) — modelling of functional ovarian cysts without further treatment. The control group (n = 20) is intact animals. Rats were removed from the experiment on the 7^th, 15^th, 30^th day. An immunohistochemical study of the expression of VEGF, BMP-15, Cx-37 has been conducted.

Modelling of functional ovarian cysts in white rats was accompanied by an increase in the specific volume of blood vessels in the ovaries, increased expression of VEGF in the cyst wall, excessive stimulation of folliculogenesis, accompanied by increased expression of BMP-15 and Cx-37 at the early stages of the experiment. Introduction of an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor caused a decrease in the number and specific volume of cysts, a decrease in VEGF expression and the approximation of specific vascular volume and VEGF expression to the values of the control group on the 15^th  day. By day 30, expression of BMP-5 and Cx-37 did not differ from that of the intact control group.Thus, the introduction of bevacizumab accelerates the regression of functional ovarian cysts by reducing vascularization in the cyst wall, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of VEGF. The revealed decrease in the number of growing follicles, the enhancement of atresia processes in the follicles and the change in the expression of factors of oocyte-somatic interaction (BMP-15, Cx-37) are of short duration.

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