Granulomatosis as a component of proliferative reactions in the liver and pancreas after partial hepatectomy in the setting of superinvasive opisthorchiasis

Introduction. Opisthorchiasis on the territory of Russia has a predominantly superinvasive form, i.e., the disease in hyperendemic foci proceeds with more severe manifestations and structural changes in the parasite’s ecological niche (liver, pancreas). With superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO) in humans and animals, granulomatous inflammation with the formation of granulomas is observed.

Aim of the research. To reveal the features of the granulomatous process in the liver and pancreas after partial hepatectomy in the setting of superinvasive opisthorchiasis in Syrian hamsters.

Materials and methods. Research animals were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 180) — SO modeling by introducing into the stomach of 50 Opisthorchis (O.) felineus metacercariae, superinvasions with 50 O. felineus metacercariae were repeated on the 6, 16th days after the primary infestation; group 2 (n = 86) — modeling of SO according to the same scheme as for group 1, and partial hepatectomy (PHE) (removal of the median lobe of an organ, 17.3–17.7% from its mass) on the 16th day after the last superinvasion. The animals were removed from the experiment on 7, 16th, 23rd, 32nd, 38, 120, 240th day. The study of liver and pancreas preparations was carried out using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical methods.

Results. The types, morphogenesis, course, outcomes of granulomas in the liver and pancreas were revealed. The factors of granuloma formation were the secretome, eggs and metabolites of O. felineus in both experimental groups.

Conclusion. Granulomatosis in superinvasive opisthorchiasis, including after PHE, is an emergent state of the parasite-host system due to the accumulation of antigenic material in an amount exceeding the nonequilibrium state in this system. The regenerative process in the group of animals after PHE in the SO setting does not affect granulomatous inflammation and the formation of granulomas.

1. Kozlova I.I., Ostapenko N.A., Sisin E.I., Ezhova O.A., Guzeeva T.M. (2017). On the problem of opisthorchiasis in a hyperendemic focus. Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 3, 14–19.

2. Bychkov V.G., Lazarev S.D., Khadieva E.D. et al. (2018). Morphological changes of the bilial system in superinvasive opisthorchiasis. Clinical and Experimental Morphology, 7 (1), 19–24.

3. Bychkov V.G., Kalyonova L.F., Khadieva E.D. et al. (2019). Dynamics of the O. felineus infestation intensity and egg production in carcinogenesis and partial hepatectomy in the setting of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. Anal. Cell. Path., ID 8078368.

4. Spirina Yu.S. (2020). The state of the bile ducts in superinvasive experimental opisthorchiasis. University Medicine of the Urals, 1 (20), 7–8. In Russ.

5. Kozlova I.I., Zuevskiy V.P. (2020). Characteristics of granuloma formation in opisthorchis infestation and tuberculin allergization in experimental opisthorchiasis. Morphology, 157 (2–3), 103–104.

6. Kharitonova A.V., Zuevskaya T.V. (2020). Characteristics of granuloma formation following opisthorchis infestation and tuberculin allergization in experimental opisthorchiasis. Morphology, 157 (2–3), 225.

7. Lazarev S.D., Alekberov R.I. (2017). Features of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. Regenerative zone B. In 4th International Medical Congress: Abstracts (pp. 41–42). Baku.

8. Lazarev S.D., Oparina E.E., Bychkov V.G. (2017). Cytogenesis of liver recovery after partial hepatectomy against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. In Regeneration Zone A. Topical Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment of the Most Common Diseases of Internal Organs: Proceedings of the IX Therapeutic Forum (pp. 72–73). Tyumen. In Russ.

9. Lazarev S.D., Bychkov V.G., Chernov I.A. (2018). Dynamics of regenerative processes in the liver after partial hepatectomy against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. Regeneration Zone C. In Topical Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment of the Most Common Diseases of Internal Organs: Proceedings of the X Anniversary Therapeutic Forum (pp. 49–50). Tyumen. In Russ.

10. Lazarev S.D., Bychkov V.G., Galenko O.V. (2019). Granulomatous inflammation of the liver after partial hepatectomy against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. In Scientifi c Conf. with International Participation to mark Anniversary of the Pathologic Anatomy Department, Sechenov University: Collection of Abstracts (pp. 39–40). Moscow. In Russ.

11. Higgins G.M., Anderson R.M. (1931). Experimental pathology of the liver. I. Restoration of the liver of the white rat following partial surgical removal. Arch. Pathol., 12, 186–202.

12. Bychkov V.G., Krylov G.G., Shchudlo M.M. et al. (2002). Influence of biotic environmental factors on human health in Western Siberia (on the example of Opisthorchis felineus). In The IIIrd Millenium — The New World: International Forum, December 2–6 (pp. 86–93). Moscow. In Russ.

13. Pakharukova M.Yu. (2016). Structural and functional organization of xenobiotic metabolism in the causative agent of opisthorchiasis Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884): Thesis Dr. Sci. (Biol.). Novosibirsk, 41 p. In Russ.