Somatotype features of autonomic regulation in adolescent girls in Krasnoyarsk

I n t r o d u c t i o n . The decrease in physical health parameters of children and adolescents in our country justifies the need to develop programs aimed at correcting this situation, in particular, conducting research in the field of anthropology, studying the autonomic balance and the influence of the body’s individual morphological features on it.
A i m . Identification of the relationship between autonomic status and morphofunctional parameters of the cardiovascular system depending on the somatotype in adolescent girls of the city of Krasnoyarsk.
M a t e r i a l s  a n d  m e t h o d s . The study involved 158 adolescent girls (from 13 to 15 years old) living in Krasnoyarsk. An anthropometric examination was carried out with the further determination of the somatotype according to the Rees-Eysenck body index. Some indicators of the cardiovascular system (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR)) and the tone of the autonomic nervous system were assessed according to the Kerdo’s index.
R e s u l t s . According to the results of anthropometry, the participants were distributed as follows: ectomorphy – 65 people, mesomorphy – 51 people, endomorphy – 42 people. A statistically significant increase in SBP and DBP was found as body strength increased in all three groups. In ectomorphic body type girls, there was a decrease in SBP values in combination with higher HR. The predominance of sympathicotonia was found in the ectomorphy and endomorphy groups (65.2 and 52.8%, respectively). The largest number of girls with the excitation-inhibition balance of the autonomic nervous system was among mesomorphy (53.3%) and slightly less among endomophy girls (39.6%), both of these indicators were significantly higher than among the ectomorphic body type girls (30.4%). At the same time, in the latter, the parasympathicotonia predominates less often (4.3%) than in mesomorphy (6.7%) and endomorphy (7.5%) (p < 0.05).
C o n c l u s i o n . The obtained data on the difference in hemodynamic parameters and autonomic status in girls aged 13–15, depending on the body type, must be considered when choosing sports activities and realization of medical and preventive work in a secondary school.

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