The paper presents the results of an magnetic-resonance imaging study that examined 2441 patients with lumbar dorsalgia. The study has demonstrated the differences in the prolapse structure between the man and women. By the age of 51-60 years, the females have developed all kinds of prolapse (hernia, protrusion, combined hernial protrusion), while the men have developed hernias and protrusions by the age of 41-50 year, and combined hernial protrusions - by the age of 51-60 years. The study has revealed new tendencies in the formation and development of hernia in the patients of different gender and age groups. They are determined by both the way of life of modern society and by improving methods of medical imaging. Assessment of contemporary trends in the identification of prolapse in different gender and age groups will allow developing new approaches in the management of these patients.

To assess burn shock morphology, the data of 153 forensic autopsy reports and expert medical reports for the period from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed, among which 93.2 % of expert observations were deaths certified at burn centers and 6.8 % cases were deaths certified by first responders. Pathomorphological changes under burn shock are characterized by development of acute dystrophic changes in cells and stromal edemas of internal organs in context of pronounced microcirculatory impairments. Assessment of morphodynamics of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in cardiomyocytes and acute myocardial blood circulation impairments is of information value under burn shock. Nonuniformity of the manifestations described in various cases of burn shock is primarily caused by the severity of shock and emergency of medical treatment at a burn center.

Studied data on occurrence rate, age composition of female patients, and structure of mammary gland diseases based on examination of biopsy samples (3380 bioptic mammary gland specimens). To determine histological forms of tumors, the WHO classification (2012) was used. As a result of the research performed, the prevalence of benign tumor diseases in the structure of mammary gland pathology (71 %) was has been detected. The age group of 50 to 69 years has accounted for the majority of malignant neoplasms in mammary glands (56 %). In the female age group of 20 to 49 years, prevalence of benign tumors has been observed. The average age of female patients with precancerous breast diseases has been 44.9 ± 13.7 years. The most common histological type among malignant breast tumors was nonspecific invasive carcinoma (89 %) and among benign tumors fibroadenoma (71 %).

The aim of the clinical study was to evaluate the clinical effect of Bifidobacterium longum MC-42 ingestion + intranasal administration for nasal breathing and microbiocenosis nasopharynx in the treatment of chronic adenoiditis associated with allergic respiratory diseases. The cohort included 64 children of 7-10 years old suffering from chronic adenoiditis associated with respiratory allergosis, also carried out a guestionnaire survey of their parents. The study has demonstrated that normalization of anti-infectious immunity creates conditions for lower bacterial contamination of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and promotes substitution of its pathogenic and quite highly virulent potentially pathogenic strains by low-pathogenic saprophytes resulting in long-term remission and stable improvement of nasal breathing.

The presented study aimed to evaluate the effect of high blood glucose levels on fetus in pregnant women with gestational (GDM) and manifest diabetes mellitus (MDM) based on US examination. The study involved 18 female patients, including 8 women with fist-identified MDM, and 10 women with GDM. All the patients underwent complete US examination using the Mindray DC-7 ultrasound machine with the C5-2 transducer. Blood glucose tests in the MDM group revealed more expressed day changes compared to the GDM group, whose levels were significantly higher in the evening. The venous hyperglycemia of above 5.1 mmol/l in fasting and above 7.0 mmol/l in fed conditions was accompanied by expressed changes in the placenta, polyhydramnios, hypoxia and fetopathy. Continuous hyperglycemia led to fetal complications.

Trophoblastic tumors represent a rare pathology and are characterized by a high degree of malignancy, whose rapid and distant metastases commonly affect the lungs. The main method of diagnosis include ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as detection of HCG level in serum. The presented clinical case demonstrates the difficulty of diagnostics in the case of the trophoblastic disease with multiple lung metastases. Тhe patient underwent removal of the uterus and fallopian tubes. Perioperationally the uterus was asymmetric, extended in size and deformed to the right tubal angle due to a 3 cm tumor adhering to the uterine wall up to the serous tunic. The postoperational diagnosis was the trophoblastic tumor (third-stage chorioncarcinomа) T1M1a with multiple metastases to the lungs. Еxperience can be useful for the physicians working with oncological patients.

Assessment of the quality of life in children with obstructive diseases may be both an objective criterion of the condition of child patients and additional information on the course of the disease. Under the presented study 75 children with bronchial asthma and acute obstructive bronchitis were examined using PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire. The reduction in daily activity has been due to the impact of the disease symptoms on the physical, mental, and emotional state. The decrease of quality of life indicators in primary school boys with bronchial asthma has been detected. Quality of life indicators in preschool girls have showed lower values, than in boys of the same age group. Pronounced decrease in the quality of life has been observed in boys with acute obstructive bronchitis starting from their preschool age. Assessment of quality of life in children with bronchopulmonary pathology is to be considered as an important objective criterion making it possible to predict the further psychophysiological development of the child.

The presented study included 110 patients with the morphologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer that underwent 3D conformal radiotherapy within 2014-2015 with the objective to estimate the efficiency of the 3D treatment. All the patients had undergone a pre-treatment preparation to calculate the volume and total focal dose of radiation. Analysis of the results shows that 97 (88.1 %) patients demonstrated to sigh of recurrence. Thus, the study has confirmed the effectiveness3 D conformal radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer. It is appropriate to continue monitoring of the patients’ condition.

The paper analyses the processes of formation and development of hospital ethics committees in developed countries. Organizational, ethical, and legal aspects of ethics committees in clinical practice are assessed. Functional and structural features of the Western model of hospital ethics committees are identified, as well as research methodology of operation of hospital ethics committees abroad. At the present stage, it is possible to define American and European models of ethics committees, the key differences between them being their socio-legal status and certain peculiarities of their operation due to state-specific legal regulations. While widely used and sought for in the West, the system of hospital ethics committees in Russia is still in its infancy. Meanwhile, formation of hospital-level committees is an objective necessity due to the severity of moral conflicts in clinical practice.

With the aim of identifying relations between resilience and stress coping techniques in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), based on examination of 24 CAD patients (study group) and 22 conditionally healthy people (control group) with the average age of 59.83 ± 13.36 in the study group and 49.75 ± 9.21 in the control group. Sample groups being studied are comparable by gender structure. A questionnaire on proactive adaptive coping behavior by E.S. Starchenkova and resilience test by Salvatore Maddy was used. It was found that CAD patients are prone to personality disorders and high-severity distress. Personality traits in CAD patients indicate weak tolerance to problematic situations due to passivity and dependency on external factors. The mindsets observed in CAD patients lead to lower stability of personality against any frustration-inducing situation, stronger sense of inferiority and fear of difficulties, as well as social maladjustment.