Aim. Study of intramyocardial stress of the left ventricle (LV) in persons exposed to occupational vibration and patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).

Materials and methods. We examined 15 individuals exposed to vibration, 44 individuals with grade 1 HAVS, 10 individuals with grade 2. The control group consisted of 20 persons without cardiovascular pathology, who had not been exposed to hazardous occupational factors. The main occupational hazards in persons with HAVS were vibration, noise, physical exertion.

Echocardiography was carried out to determine the total volume of LV (Vtotal); the volume of myocardium (Vm); myocardial mass (LVMM); myocardial mass index (LVMMI); systolic intraventricular pressure; the intensity of the functioning of the LV structures; LV circumferential and meridional diastolic and systolic stresses (σcd, σcs and σmd, σms respectively); LV tension in the circumferential and meridional direction during systole and diastole (Tcs, Tcd and Tms, Tmd respectively).

Results. In persons exposed to vibration, in comparison with those who have not been exposed to occupational hazards, there is an increase in σmd by 2.5 times (p < 0.05) and σcd by 2.8 times (p < 0.05). The tension increases during systole and diastole both in the circumferential (Tcs by 17.35%, p < 0.05; Tms by 2.74 times, p < 0.05) and in the meridional (Tcd by 14.59%, p < 0.05; Tmd by 2.76 times, p < 0.05) directions. In persons with grade 1 HAVS, there is an increase during diastole σmd by 2.2 times (p < 0.05), σcd by 2.4 times (p < 0.05), and Tmd (p < 0.05) and Tms by 2.5 times (p < 0.05). In patients with grade 2 HAVS, in contrast to those with grade 1 and persons exposed to vibration, there is a change in the working conditions of LV. With the same values of Vtotal, Vm, LVMM and LVMMI, as in the described groups, in patients with grade 2 HAVS, there is a decrease by 12.3% (p < 0.05) in systolic intraventicular pressure against the background of an increase in σmd by 14.7% (p < 0.05), Tmd by 13.6% (p < 0.05), as well as σms by 2.25 times (p < 0.05) and Tcd by 1.97 times (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. In the group of persons exposed to vibration and patients with grade 1 HAVS, in contrast to those who are not exposed to occupational hazards, there is an increase in stress and tension, primarily in the circumferential direction during diastole, which indicates the activation of the heterometric type of autoregulation of activity of the heart. In patients with grade 2 HAVS, stress and tension increase in the meridional direction during systole, which indicates the levelling of LV hyperfunction by isotonic type.

Introduction. Birch bark contains biologically active substances (BAS). In this regard, the search for ways to increase yield of its bioactive agents is relevant.

Aim. To study the effect of birch bark grinding methods on the extract of its BAS during extraction.

Materials and methods. Samples of birch bark of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were ground up on devices with various force effects on plant material — disk (mainly squeezing, shear, tensile and shearing forces), three-roll annular (crushing and abrasive forces) and ball (crushing, abrasive and shock-shear forces) mills. Morphological and microscopic studies were carried out, the content of extractive substances and moisture in the ground up samples was determined. The composition and content of BAS were analyzed.

Results. The smallest changes in the morphological and anatomical structure of plant material were observed when using a disk mill (the morphological features of birch bark and its cellular structure are preserved), grinding on three-roll ring and ball mills leads to serious changes in the morphological and anatomical structure of birch bark (the morphological and anatomical structure is lost, cell walls are destroyed). Comparative analysis of the yield of extractive substances from ground up birch bark samples, depending on the grinding method and the extractant used (purified water and ethyl alcohol of different concentrations: 96, 80, 70, 40, 20 and 10%) showed that the best extractant is 80% ethyl alcohol. The highest yield of extractive substances was noted for a sample of birch bark ground up in a ball mill — 36.85%, for ground up in a disc mill — 29.96%, on a three-roll ring mill — 30.88%. When studying the yield of the main groups of BAS (saponins, tannins, coumarins, hydroxycinnamic acids) from ground up birch bark samples, it was found that when using grinding methods that do not lead to the destruction of cell walls, the yield of BAS is limited by the capillary-porous structure of the plant material.

Conclusion. When using grinding methods that lead to the destruction of cell walls, the greatest yield of BAS from birch bark is observed in the case of using a more severe impact on it, including not only abrasion, crushing, but also impact (ball mills).

Introduction. Nowadays, it has been shown that one of the possible ways to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of malignant tumors is the use of combined treatment methods.

Aim. To study the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hyperthermia against the background of bee venom in the blood of tumor-bearing rats.

Materials and methods. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups: 1st — intact; 2nd — control (tumorbearing animals (PS-1 tumor strain) with intraperitoneal (IP) administration of saline solution); 3rd, 4th and 5th groups — tumor-bearing animals with IP administration of 0.5 ml of bee venom against the background of hyperthermia 42, 43 and 44°C respectively. The content of diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases (SB) and SOD activity in the blood of animals was determined.

Results. From the 1st day after the end of the experiment, a statistically significant decrease in triene conjugates was recorded in all experimental groups compared to the control group. SB decreased on the 1st–7th day after the end of the experiment with the action of hyperthermia 42°C and bee venom, on the 7th–28th day — with the action of hyperthermia 43°C and bee venom, and on the 28th day — with the action of bee venom and hyperthermia 44°C, which was accompanied by an increase in SOD activity from the 7th day in all experimental groups compared to the control group.

Conclusion. Hyperthermia in combination with the action of bee venom causes a decrease in lipid peroxidation products and an increase in antioxidant activity in the blood of tumor-bearing rats. The most effective action, in our opinion, is the use of bee venom against the background of hyperthermia of 43°C, at which a prolonged effect is recorded both with respect to a decrease in the concentration of SB and an increase in the activity of SOD.

Introduction. The increasing frequency of ischemic stroke and its rejuvenation, leading to extremely unfavorable socio-economic consequences, make us reconsider the traditional technology of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Thrombolytic therapy (TLT) today has established itself as the most effective method of treatment of ischemic stroke.

Aim. To study the influence of thrombolytic therapy on the recovery of speech and cognitive disorders in patients with ischemic stroke at the second stage of rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 68 ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to the second stage of rehabilitation. The patients were divided into two groups: 1st (n = 14) — patients who received thrombolytic therapy; 2nd (n = 54) — patients who received conventional CVA therapy. The assessment of speech disorders was carried out on the basis of the conclusion of the speech therapist. The severity of cognitive deficit was assessed using the BNCE scale (Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination) and on the basis of data obtained during the consultation with a psychologist. The level of satisfaction of patients with their own condition was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale.

Results. The described neurosomatic status of patients with CVA, who underwent TLT, indicates the prevalence of men of retirement age with the presence of hemispheric infarction, which is combined with disorders of both impressive and expressive speech and mild cognitive impairments. In the 1st group of patients, more severe motor and sensory speech disorders were revealed compared to the 2nd group.

Conclusion. The presence of more severe speech disorders in the 1st group of patients, on the one hand, is associated with a smaller number of the 1st group (TLT target is 5%; referral of patients with the absence of cognitive, motor and speech disorders to the 3rd stage of rehabilitation, bypassing the second stage), and on the other hand, with the presence of possible hemorrhagic complications against the background of TLT, which dictates the need for closer control over the reperfusion therapy protocols in the acute period of ischemic stroke.

Nowadays the search of new high-efficiency and safe drugs for the pharmacotherapy of diseases accompanied by pain syndrome is an active area of modern pharmacological research.

170 new derivatives of di- and tetrahydropyridines synthesized on the basis of the Chemex Research Laboratory, Vladimir Dahl Lugansk State University were exposed to the virtual bioscreening using the Swiss Target Prediction software. The paper describes screening studies in vivo of 5 samples of sulfur-containing di- and tetrahydropyridines (laboratory codes d02-138, as-262, f02-079, cv-074, cv-143) in the standard hot plate test in comparison with the reference drug — metamizole sodium. The compounds in the dose of 5 mg/kg were given intragastrically 1 hour and a half before placing the rats on the hot plate, the reference drug in the dose of 7 mg/kg also was given intragastrically 1 hour and a half before placing the rats on the hot plate.

The compounds with laboratory codes as-262 (allyl 6-({2-[(4-acetylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}thio)-5-cyano-4- (2-furyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate) and d02-138 (ethyl 4-[({[3-cyano-5-{[(2,4-dichlorophenyl) amino]carbonyl}-4-(2-furyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridinе-2-yl]thio}acetyl)amino]benzoate) possess the most pronounced analgesic activity in the dose of 5 mg/kg, they demonstrated 2.03 and 1.9-fold efficiency in comparison to metamizole sodium respectively. The rest three specimens demonstrated metamizole sodium-like analgesic activity.

Introduction. In clinical medicine, some phenomenon has been noted: in many patients with anginal attacks during coronary angiography, significant obstructive processes in the coronary arteries are not detected. There is impaired coronary microcirculation due to dysfunction of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. This circumstance initiates the metasearch for new drugs for pharmacological correction of the vasomotor status of coronary vessels in order to eliminate myocardial ischemia.

Aim. To study the parameters of the coronary blood flow during the perfusion of an isolated heart with immobilized subtilisins (IS) in different dosages.

Materials and methods. The effect of IS on coronary blood fl ow was studied using the Langendorff-perfused rat heart. The experiments were carried out on 50 male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups: control (hearts perfused only with Krebs-Henseleit solution) and 4 experimental (1st — perfusion with IS at a concentration of 170 U/l; 2nd — perfusion with IS at a concentration of 340 U/l; 3rd — perfusion with IS at a concentration of 500 U/l; 4th — perfusion with IS at a concentration of 1000 U/l).

Results. An increase in coronary blood flow was observed during perfusion with IS at concentrations of 170 and 340 U/l. With perfusion of IS at a concentration of 340 U/l, the vasodilating effect was significantly expressed. With perfusion at a concentration of 500 and 1000 U/l, a decrease in coronary flow was noted, which is most likely caused by vasoconstriction.

Conclusion. When the heart is perfused with IS solution, the phenomenon of vasomotor activity of the coronary vessels is observed. The vasomotor effect caused by IS has a dose-dependent and multidirectional effect and is realized, most likely, through an allosteric effect on the natural mechanism of regulation of the coronary vessels tone.

Introduction. Neurodegenerative processes are key in the development of a number of diseases — strokes, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. They include primary and secondary structural and functional changes in the nervous tissue, as well as the death of neurons and complete loss of functions.

Aim. To study the manifestations of hydropic degeneration and reorganization of glio-cytoarchitectonics during the formation of dark neurons in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the cerebrum of mature white rats in 40 min after the common carotid arteries occlusion (CCAO).

Materials and methods. A 40-minute CCAO was simulated in white Wistar rats. The brain was fixed by perfusion method. Morphometric assessment of manifestations of edema — swelling, cyto- and glio-cyto-architectonics of SMC was performed normally (n = 6, control group), on the 1st (n = 6), 3rd (n = 6) and 7th days (n = 6) after CCAO. The Nissl staining, hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical typing NSE, MAP-2, GFAP and AIF1 were applied. The relative area of edema-swelling zones, the numerical density of normochromic and dark pyramidal neurons, oligodendrocytes (OD), m icrogliocytes (MG) were determined.

Results. The high content (20–50%) of dark neurons after CCAO was accompanied by a 3.3-fold increase in the relative area of edema-swelling zones (r = 0.82, p = 0.01). Specific proteins (NSE, MAP-2) of most dark neurons were preserved. The total numerical density of SMC neurons decreased by 26.4% (layer III, p = 0.001) and 18.5% (layer V, p = 0.01) after 7 days of CCAO. The content of astrocytes, MG and OD increased. The peak in the number density of MG was observed in the 1st day, and OD — in the 7th day after acute subtotal ischemia (p ≤ 0.001). The revealed changes were of a diffuse-focal nature.

Conclusion. After a 40-minute CCAO, the content of dark neurons in SMC increased and, as a result, signs of hydropic degeneration appeared. Against this background, the number of satellite OD, astrocytes and MG increased. Probably, edema-swelling, active MG and astrocytes previously (on the 1st – 3rd day) sanitate the nerve tissue, ensuring its subsequent (on the 7th day) structural and functional recovery with the participation of OD.

Urothelial carcinomas in young patients are characterized by specific clinical and morphological and genetic features in contrast to their counterparts in elderly patients. Molecular profiling of tumors in 56 patients under 45 years has been performed using the method of Swedish researchers from the Lund University, the molecular classification of the Lund group of researchers using immunophenotyping has been adapted to the cohort of young patients for the first time and clear reproducibility of urothelial carcinoma molecular subtypes occurring in the elderly group of patients has been demonstrated.

The urothelial-like A subtype of bladder cancer (78%, p = 0.005), which is associated with an early pathological stage, a favorable prognosis, and the best survival rate, was found to significantly predominate in young patients. Within the urothelial-like subtype, a specific tumor variant (so-called CK5/6+/p16+) (7%) was identified, differing in immunophenotypic and clinical features, tending to a more aggressive biological behavior and probably reflecting a different progression pathway of some urothelial carcinomas in contrast to the elderly patients. The frequency of adverse subtypes (urothelial- like B, genomically unstable, basal/squamous cell-like, mesenchymal-like) in the young group was not more than 6%; their occurrence in patients over 30 years of age with an age-proportional dependence was noted.

The performed molecular profiling of bladder cancer in young patients showed its diagnostic significance, possibility of prognostic stratification and, therefore, reasonable practicality.

The purpose of the review is to show that the ultrasound picture at the initial diagnosis can become decisive for the planned examination and treatment of patients with abdominal abscesses. The article analyzes the possibilities of using the ultrasound method, describes its advantages and disadvantages. The key points related to the formation of an ultrasound picture of cavity formations of various etiologies and localization, their difference from pathological cavity formations of a purulent-destructive nature are considered. The main ultrasound signs of abdominal abscesses of various localization, which play a leading role in the choice of further patient management tactics, are determined.

Among gynecological tumors, malignant uterine tumor (MUT) is the 6th most common cancer in women and the 15th most common cancer overall. There were approximately 382 069 new cases and 89 929 deaths attributed to this type worldwide in 2018. Therefore, MUT was the second most common gynecological cancer and the fourth leading cause of death due to gynecological cancer in 2018, and is expected to increase the incidence rate by more than 50% globally by 2040. Mortality rates are lowest in Central and South Asia and most of Africa. Survivors of MUT may experience treatment- related issues, including infertility, early onset of menopause, sexual problems, and lower limb lymphedema. WHO builds its own database from national modeling incidence estimates, using incidence ratios with a sampling method that relies on the calculation of a weighted or simple average of the most popular local rates applied to the population of a few regions or by an approximate estimate based on data provided by health establishments in neighboring countries. While in Algeria, existing statistical and epidemiological data and updated information on the pathology are insuffi cient. The objective of this work is to highlight the importance and the situation of the MUT in this country and to describe the different recent aspects (etiology, diagnostics and treatment) related to the disease.