Introduction. For a long time, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV infection were considered independently of each other. However, at present, these infections, in addition to similar mechanisms of spread and social causation, are inextricably linked with forms of sexual behavior. Young people are a socially active part of the population, which makes them a risk group for the incidence and spread of STIs and HIV infection. Consequently, analyzing the young p eople’s awareness of HIV and STIs is of particular importance.
Aim. To assess the characteristics of sexual behavior and the awareness of young people regarding STIs and HIV infection, as well as to study the attitude and degree of readiness to provide medical assistance to HIV-infected patients among students of a medical university.
Materials and Methods. We used the data of a sociological survey of young people, performed in the period 2016–2020 among students of higher (medical, pedagogical and transport universities) and secondary specialized educational institutions (College of Hairdressing Art, Faculty of secondary vocational education of the Agrarian University) in Novosibirsk.
Results. The sexual behavior of students of higher and secondary specialized (vocational) educational institutions is characterized as risky. The awareness and knowledge about STIs and HIV infection among students in Novosibirsk seems insufficient. The majority of students (69%) of the medical university experiences fear of contracting HIV while providing medical assistance to HIV-infected patients. The level of professional communicative tolerance of future doctors is assessed as high (80%).
Conclusion. There is a low awareness of sexual health among young people. The lack of knowledge of the legal aspects of providing medical care to HIV-infected patients revealed in the course of the survey among students of the medical university requires a more detailed study of these issues during the training of future doctors for professional activities.

Introduction.  Comparative analysis of the expression levels of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) in placentas obtained during timely and spontaneous preterm birth (PB) will make it possible to identify those miRNAs that are involved in the genesis of spontaneous PB. MiRNAs characterized by aberrant expression in placental tissues may be promising biomarkers in the blood of pregnant women for assessing the risk of spontaneous PB.
Aim. Comparative analysis of expression levels of a number of microRNAs in placental tissue in women in timely and premature birth.
Materials and Methods. We performed an analysis of the expression level of a number of miRNAs in placental tissue from 30 patients with PB and perinatal losses (group 1), from 30 patients with PB without perinatal losses (group 2), from 30 maternity women with timely delivery (group 3). The expression levels of the following miRNAs were studied: 31, 100, 146, 150, 20a, 204, 221, 223, 1246, 128, let7a, 126, 451, 92a, 23a, 21, 125b, 26a, 29b, 191, and U6. For this, the material was deparaffinated step by step using mineral oil, then the RNA extraction, reverse transcription reaction, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were carried out.
Results. It was found that in PB a statistically significant increase in the expression levels of miRNA-125b, miRNA-29b is observed in placental samples, and a decrease in the expression level of miRNA-451 in comparison with timely delivery placentas. In the PB with perinatal losses, a statistically significant decrease in the expression level of miRNA-150 was registered, and in the absence of perinatal losses, an increase in the expression level of miRNA-223 and miRNA-31 compared with placentas in timely delivery was revealed. In addition, in PB with perinatal losses compared to PB without perinatal losses, a statistically significantly lower level of expression of miRNA-221 and miRNA-223 is noted.
Conclusion Aberrant expression levels of miRNA-125b, miRNA-29b, and miRNA-451 in the placentas of patients with PB indicate their involvement in the pathogenesis of the latter, apparently due to dysregulation of angiogenesis, apoptosis, trophoblast invasion and glucose metabolism.

Introduction.. Golden dock (Rumex maritimus L.) is a poorly studied annual plant from the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae Juss.), used by the peoples of South-East Asia to treat a number of diseases. The methanol extract of golden dock has several beneficial properties, including antibacterial activity. At the same time, the chemical composition of the plant is studied fragmentarily.
Aim. To determine the qualitative composition of the aerial part of golden dock by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Materials and Methods. The dried aerial part of the plant at the stage of flowering and the beginning of fruiting was crushed and extracted with 95% ethanol. Ethanol was distilled off, and the extraction was treated sequentially with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. We analyzed the obtained fractions and the aqueous residue of ethanol extraction after removal by reversed-phase HPLC. Compounds were identified using standard samples and literature data on the spectral characteristics of substances.
Results. Phytochemical analysis of the aerial part of golden dock by reversed-phase HPLC showed the presence of such substances as anthraquinones, flavonoids, stilbenes, phenolic acids. In the chloroform fraction, anthracene derivatives of emodin, chrysophanol, fiscion, isochrysophanol, the flavonoid vogeletin were identified; in the ethyl acetate fraction – phenolic acids: gallic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, trans-stilbene derivative resveratrol, as well as the flavonoids rutin and quercetin; in the butanol fraction – caffeic acid and catechin; in the aqueous residue – epigallocatechin-3-gallate and epicatechin-3-gallate.
Conclusion. The presence of gallic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, caffeic acids, resveratrol, catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and epicatechin-3-gallate was first established in the aerial part of golden dock.

Introduction. Compounds with a hydroxypyrimidine fragment in their structure exhibit pronounced and diverse biological activity. The low solubility of many hydroxypyrimidine derivatives in water is a significant drawback in the development of new medicines. From 5-butyl-6-hydroxy-2,3-diphenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one, its water-soluble form being a sodium salt was obtained. This compound, as it was revealed during the computer screening of its possible biological activity in silico, can potentially be used as a pharmaceutical substance for the production (manufacture) of drugs. Since the line of hydroxypyrimidine drugs in the topical dosage forms is extremely limited, and the resulting compound has hydrophilic properties, it is important to enclose the substance in a gel dosage form.
Aim.. Synthesis of a water-soluble form of new hydroxypyrimidine derivative, determination of its acute toxicity and antiinflammatory activity, as well as critical stages of development and further production of a topical hydrophilic dosage form based on the obtained compound.
Materials and Methods. The target compound was obtained from the interaction of 5-butyl-6-hydroxy-2,3-diphenylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one and an equimolar amount of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Acute toxicity was determined on white mice (5 groups of 10 animals, which were injected with a solution of the study compound at a dose of 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500 mg/kg respectively), observing the development of the main symptoms and recording the time of death of the animals within 72 h from the moment of the drug administration. For the experimental assessment of anti-inflammatory activity, two models were used: formalin-induced mice paw edema and cotton pellet implantationinduced granuloma in rats (for each model there were 3 groups with 10 animals per group: the 1st group received the reference drug diclofenac, the 2nd – the compound under study, the 3rd (control) – sodium chloride solution).
Results. The yield of the obtained sodium 5-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-olate was 85 ± 1%. It has been proven in vivo that the test compound belongs to the 5th class of toxicity (practically non-toxic) and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. An Ishikawa diagram was drawn up to determine the critical stages of the development and manufacture of a semisolid dosage form, a gel with a target substance.
Conclusion. A new compound with anti-inflammatory action has been synthesized, sodium 5-butyl-1,2-diphenyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-olate, which has low toxicity and pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. The critical stages in the development and manufacture of a gel with synthesized compound are: preparation of the base and drug substance, introduction of the drug substance into the base, homogenization and packaging.

Introduction. Delivery in the fetal occiput posterior presentation is a subject of close attention of obstetricians and gynecologists. Despite the classification of this category of childbirth as physiological, the outcome directly depends on the transition of the occiput posterior position to the occiput anterior one during labor. Persistence of the posterior position is a risk factor for operative delivery.
Aim. Development of a technology for predicting the outcome of labor in the fetal occiput posterior presentation.
Materials and Methods. A prospective analysis of 118 cases of childbirth in the period 2018–2021 was carried out at the Perinatal Center of the Regional Clinical Hospital, Chita. The total sample was divided into 3 groups: group 1 included 80 parturient women with the fetal occiput anterior presentation; group 2 included 18 patients with the fetal occiput posterior presentation, during the delivery of which there was a turn into the anterior position; group 3 included 20 parturient women with the fetal occiput posterior presentation, during the delivery of which a turn to the anterior position did not occur. The groups were comparable in age and extragenital pathology. All women underwent physical and ultrasound examination 1–2 days ahead of the delivery.
Results.. The technology for predicting the outcome of labor in the fetal occiput posterior presentation is implemented on the basis of a multilayer perceptron, the rate of incorrect predictions in the learning process of which was 11.1%. The structure of the trainable neural network included 8 input neurons: parity of childbirth, height, body weight and distantia spinarum of a woman, biparietal diameter and femur length of a fetus, presence or absence of pre-induction of labor.
Conclusion. An integrated approach based on neural network analysis of the history, as well as data of physical and ultrasound examinations, makes it possible to predict the outcome of labor with an accuracy of up to 90.0% in the fetal occiput posterior presentation. The use of this technology in clinical practice will reduce the incidence of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in the fetal occiput posterior presentation.

Introduction. Currently, diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest socially important diseases in the Republic of Crimea. In 2019 the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the population of the Republic amounted to 354.6 per 100 000 people, having outnumbered the figures of the previous year by more than 50%.
Aim. Price analysis of monocomponent oral hypoglycemic drug (OHGD) range offered on the pharmaceutical market of the Republic of Crimea.
Materials and Methods. The object of research conducted during the first half of 2021 was the range of monocomponent OHGDs offered in the pharmaceutical organizations on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The source of information on the price of single medicinal products (MPs) administered for type 2 diabetes mellitus was the average retail prices of regional specialized pharmacy organizations – the Limited Liability Companies “Apteka Martana” and “Semeinaya Apteka.”
Results.The OHGDs market of the Republic of Crimea is represented by 55 trade names of monocomponent MPs, among which the drugs of biguanide group (16 trade names), sulphonylurea derivatives (29 trade names), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (8 trade names) predominate. The distribution of drugs by country of origin revealed the prevalence of medicinal products of domestic manufacture (73.3%). The price segmentation of monocomponent OHGDs demonstrated the prevalence of MPs of the low price segment.
Conclusion.. The study of monocomponent OHGD range in the pharmacies of the Republic of Crimea enabled to ascertain the high indices of import substitution and the considerable proportion of monocomponent OHDs of the low price segment, which makes the studied group accessible for the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Using light and electron microscopy, the effect of intoxication with cadmium sulfate (Cd) and lead acetate (Pb) for 3 weeks on the architectonics of the liver parenchyma and ultrastructural features of hepatocytes of 40 prepubertal male Wistar rats was studied, taking into account the model of the classical hepatic lobule. Animals were divided into 4 groups: 1st – control; 2nd – cadmium sulfate solution at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg; 3rd – lead acetate solution 10 mg/kg; 4th – a combination of these solutions. According to stereological analysis of semi-thin sections, statistically significant indicators of periportal zones reflect an increase in the volume of hepatocytes when exposed to Cd (2nd and 4th groups). In all groups, with the exception of the 3rd one (Pb), an increase in the parenchymal compartment in the porto-central gradient was revealed, indicating the formation of hepatocellular ballooning. In all experimental groups, for the periportal zone of the hepatic lobule, a characteristic feature of the ultrastructure of hepatocytes was a statistically significant decrease in the volumetric density of the endoplasmic reticulum; for the centrilobular zone – of mitochondria; for the perivenular zone – mitochondria and nuclei of hepatocytes. The formation of autophagosomes with signs of predominantly mitochondrial utilization attracted attention in groups exposed to Pb. Pathological changes are compensated by increased transsinusoidal metabolism and complexes of biosynthesis organelles.

Introduction. Due to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance by pyogenic microbiota, the problem of topical (drug) treatment of wounds has worsened.
Aim.. Experimental evaluation of the antibiotic properties of melanin from natural raw material and a submerged culture of chaga (Inonotus obliquus) in vitro and the therapeutic properties of ointments prepared on the basis of these melanins in vivo.
Materials and Methods. Melanins were obtained by alkaline hydrolysis. The antibiotic activity of melanins was determined by co-cultivation in a liquid medium of the studied samples with six cultures of test strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and two of yeast fungi. Ointments based on melanin from natural raw material and the submerged culture of chaga (Inonotus obliquus F-1244 strain) were obtained using two compositions of ointment base. The wound-healing efficacy of ointments was evaluated on three groups of mice. The control groups were mice untreated and treated with a comparison drug (Levomikon-TFF). The treatment of mice was continued until their incised skin wounds healed. Wound areas, motor activity, appetite, dynamics and character of wound healing were assessed daily in mice of all groups, as well as changes in their body weight every three days.
Results. Melanins from natural raw materials and the submerged culture of chaga completely suppressed the growth of gram-positive spore-forming Bacillus cereus bacterium in a co-culture. Melanin from natural raw material of chaga on average suppressed the growth of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 strain by an order of magnitude. Melanin from the submerged chaga culture completely suppressed the growth of a clinical isolate of the highly pathogenic Candida sp. Ft-5 strain from a deceased patient with generalized candida infection and, on average, inhibited the growth of the collection strain of yeast Candida albicans 620 by two orders of magnitude more intensively. It was found that ointments based on melanin from natural raw materials and the submerged culture of chaga, as well as ointment containing a fivefold increased concentration of melanin from natural chaga, do not have toxicity to experimental animals. Ointments containing 0.4 mg of melanin from natural raw material and the submerged chaga culture per 0.2 g of a single dose of ointment had the same wound healing efficacy, while not only were not inferior in this indicator to the combined antimicrobial comparison drug Levomikon-TFF, but also showed a tendency to more accelerated wound healing (on the 15–18th day of observation) compared with the process of wound regeneration in the group of animals treated with the drug of comparison. A more accelerated wound healing effect was demonstrated in experimental animals (already on the 12th day of observation) treated with a fivefold increased content of melanin from natural raw material of chaga, compared with mice treated with the comparison drug.
Conclusion. Ointments containing melanin of chaga (Inonotus obliquus) have anti-inflammatory, regenerative properties and can be considered promising for topical treatment of wounds.

Introduction. Nitric oxide plays a key role in the development of inflammation. In this regard, it is promising to create a drug that reduces the production of nitric oxide in the focus of inflammation.
Aim. To study experimentally the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor of an aminoguanidine derivative (LIS-M).
Materials and Methods. The compound LIS-M in 1% aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone was administered intramuscularly at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg to 150 male Sprague Dawley rats and 50 male CD-1 mice with experimental models of inflammation and pain. The animals of the comparison group received diclofenac at a dose of 10 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received 1% aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone in an equivalent volume. The effect of the LIS-M compound on the course of experimental pathology and its analgesic potential ulcerogenic effect were evaluated.
Results. In male Sprague Dawley rats, the LIS-M compound reduces acute exudative inflammation caused by injection of carrageenan, histamine or serotonin in plantar aponeurosis, inhibits the proliferation of granulation tissue and exudation around a cotton swab implanted under the skin, does not have an ulcerogenic effect. In male CD-1 mice, it weakens the pain reaction and increases the time before it occurs.
Conclusion. The LIS-M compound at doses ranging from of 5 to 20 mg/kg has a pronounced antiexudative, antiproliferative and analgesic effect, not inferior to the action of diclofenac at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and does not have an ulcerogenic effect.

Introduction. The modern pharmaceutical market offers a very limited range of medicines for the prevention and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. The original pharmacologically active compound based on the potassium salt of the sulfated derivative of arabinogalactan (Agsular®) is an analog of heparin.
Aim. Development of a hydrophilic gel based on Agsular®.
Materials and Methods. Model compositions were prepared according to traditional methods of gels preparation. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained samples were evaluated by methods of potentiometry, dynamic rheology and dynamic light scattering. The microbiological purity of the gels during storage was also evaluated.
Results. The optimal composition of the hydrophilic gel containing Agsular® (1.5%) as the active substance is substantiated. This is a water-aerosil-glycerol-containing composition (the mixture ratio being 1:2:13 respectively). Studies of pH, dynamic viscosity and zeta potential confirm the stability of this gel. The introduction of a preservative (Nipagin 0.1%) ensures the microbiological purity of the gel during storage.
Conclusion. The developed hydrophilic gel is a promising mean of prevention and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.

Introduction. Uneven placement of pharmacy organizations on the territory of the Novosibirsk region, want of pharmaceutical staff, especially in remote areas, falling living standards, an increase in general morbidity of the population, limited material and financial health care resources in the Novosibirsk region necessitated an assessment of the pharmaceutical care system in order to develop measures to improve it, preserve constitutional rights and guarantees for residents.
Aim. Development and testing of a methodology for analyzing the system of pharmaceutical care for the population of the Novosibirsk region.
Materials and Methods. SWOT analysis was used for the assessment. Based on the content analysis of scientific medical and pharmaceutical literature, regulatory documents of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministries of Health of the Russian Federation and the Novosibirsk region, a questionnaire was compiled in which various aspects of the pharmaceutical care to the population of the Novosibirsk region were characterized. A group of experts (heads of pharmacy chains, heads of pharmacies, chiefs or deputies, specialists of the Department of Drug Provision of the Population of the Ministry of Health of the Novosibirsk region – a total of 35 people) were asked to evaluate (rank) the proposed characteristics in a SWOT matrix.
Results. It has been established that the strengths of pharmaceutical care to the population of the Novosibirsk region (the top among them are the developed infrastructure for providing the population with pharmaceutical care; the approval and implementation of federal programs on the strategy of drug provision to the population and the development of healthcare in the Russian Federation and the Novosibirsk region) exceed by 1.26 times the weaknesses of the system (insufficient financing of drug provision to the population of the region; insufficient provision of the population with pharmacy organizations and medical and obstetric stations in rural settlements of the Novosibirsk region, etc.). Possibilities of the pharmaceutical care system in the Novosibirsk region (organization of dispensing medicines by medical staff through out-patient clinics in rural settlements of the Novosibirsk region, in which there are no pharmacy organizations; an increase in the proportion of municipal and urban districts provided with medicines dispensing outlets in relation to all municipal and urban entities of the Novosibirsk region to 100%, etc.) by 1.13 times prevails over threats (an increasing staff shortage in the pharmaceutical industry, a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, etc.).
Conclusion. Pharmaceutical care for the population of the Novosibirsk region is characterized by the predominance of strengths over weaknesses, while potential opportunities exceed threats. This imples the necessity to further improve pharmaceutical care, use its resource capabilities and enhance its strengths.